Alpha Actinin 4 / ACTN4(93) , CF640R conjugate , 0.1mg / mL

Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins , including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophins. There are four tissue-specific -actinins , namely -actinin-1 , -actinin-2 , -actinin-3 and -actinin-4 , which are localized to muscle and non-muscle cells , including skeletal , cardiac and smooth muscle cells , as well as within the cytoskeleton. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In nonmuscle cells , the cytoskeletal isoform is found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions , where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast , skeletal , cardiac , and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies , where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. This gene encodes a nonmuscle , alpha actinin isoform which is concentrated in the cytoplasm , and thought to be involved in metastatic processes. Each -actinin protein contains one Actin-binding domain , two calponin-homology domains , two EF-hand domains and four spectrin repeats , through which they function as bundling proteins that can cross-link F-Actin , thus anchoring Actin to a variety of intracellular structures. Defects in the gene encoding -actinin-4 are the cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 1 (FSGS1) , a common renal lesion characterized by decreasing kidney function and , ultimately , renal failure. Primary antibodies are available purified , or with a selection of fluorescent CF® Dyes and other labels. CF® Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF®405S and CF®405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets , because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.